Born: 476 A.D.3
As one can expect of traditional Indian mathematicians, Aryabhatta was a very influential figure in both mathematics and astronomy. However, the research and teachings he published are decades ahead of their time when compared to peers from other countries. These insights not only inspired the world but provide a glimpse into how we came to be where we are today with modern astrophysics and mathematics.
Early Life
In 475 AD, Indian philosopher and mathematician Aryabhata was born in the Shigri village of what is now Bengal. Researchers are unable to pinpoint his birthdate, but some of his work dates from around 3300 BC by the Krita Yuga calendar. The question of where he was born is a mystery.
Widely considered as an upper-level student, Aryabhata may have studied in Kusumapura while living in Dhaka or Maharashtra under the patronage of King Asoka. In fact, there has been some conjecture that the place known as Kusumapura might be Pataliputra which was an important astronomical observatory during his time.
There are many historical accounts that show that Aryabhata was abruptly dismissed from his position at the Nalanda University. For example, he may have been dismissed by the king himself because of some dispute with one of his ministers. According to other people, he may have had the opportunity to maintain control over the university despite there being no actual evidence supporting this suggestion. Regardless of the truth, it's important to note that we don't actually know what route he took after being dismissed from Nalanda. The most popular option is that he built a real observatory in Taregna as part of the Sun temple.
Education
There's evidence suggesting that Aryabhatta visited Kusumapura, which is located in modern-day Patna, for some time throughout the course of his life. It was during this visit that he established many important observatories, including one at the Sun Temple in Taregana, Bihar.
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Works
The Aryabhatiya is widely regarded as Aryabhata's crowning achievement. He wrote numerous treatises throughout his career, and this was one of them. Unfortunately, not all of what he had written is still available. Historians can only conjecture as to what could have been the tremendous importance of his works that have been lost.
Mathematics and astronomy were well-represented in the Aryabhatiya, which was a comprehensive treatment. The work was saved from oblivion due to quotations from it in other works. In the mathematics aspect of the work, a lot of attention was paid to subjects like plane trigonometry and spherical trigonometry, as well as arithmetic, quadratic equations, and algebra.
There are 108 poems in Bhartrhari's magnum opus. The book is written in a very concise and straightforward way that focuses on philosophy, meditation, and esoteric theory. A similarity may be seen between the style of the work and other sutra literature from the period, such as the theories of time and how celestial bodies relate. When it was all said and done, most of the work was decades ahead of its time.
Inventions & Discoveries
In his writings, Aryabhatiya and Arya-Siddhanta, he examined the connection between mathematics and astronomy. His mathematical equations are used to discover the workings of our universe via astronomy. Some of them include:
Aryabhatiya
Mathematical Discoveries
Astronomy Discoveries
The motion of the solar system
Eclipses
Sidereal Periods
Heliocentrism
Algebra
The place value system and zero
Approximation
Trigonometry
Indeterminate Equations
Death of Aryabhata
Kusumapura is one of the oldest, and most prestigious cities in early Indian history. He died at the age of 74, after a long and fruitful career working as a mathematician, astronomer, and scientist. There are still no known details about his death, but he spent much of his time there.
Legacy
Aryabhata's work had a significant impact on Indian astrological traditions as well as other nations. Several languages were translated into which his papers, experiments, and calculations were made available to other astronomers for their benefit.
Al-Khawarizmi, who was highly influential in the Islamic Golden Age, referenced several of Fermat's findings when he wrote his book Zij al-Sindhind. Additionally, Trigonometry is founded on Aryabhata's ideas of sine and versine (1-cosx) tables. He was a pioneering mathematician for 3–4 centuries who helped create trigonometric functions like "sine" and "cosine." He used Sanskrit terms "jya" and "Kojya."Great philosophers within any given society are often born out of them. One such example of this is mathematician, astronomer, astrologer and philosopher Aryabhata.
Aryabhata was not just famous for his contributions to mathematics; astronomers also know him for his contributions to astronomy. When making astronomical calculations, he introduced what's now known as the "Zijes," which were tables of astronomy. These tables used to have verses from the Quran inscribed on them before being transferred to Sanskrit texts by Brahmi scribes in ancient India.
However, one Muslim scholar came up with a modified version of these tables that became the basis for what we know today as the Islamic calendar. Afghanistan and Iran continue to use modified variations of this calendar to this day while India continues on with their modified Ziji format but an institute named after him was created by Bihar's government as tribute to his contributions in knowledge.
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