What is velocity?
Velocity is the rate of change in the position of a body in a specific direction with time.
Velocity can also be expressed as how fast and in which direction a body is moving.
Velocity is measured in meters/kilometer per hour and miles per hour. Velocity is the vector quantity, so it can’t be defined entirely by a number, it can be expressed with scalar quantities, time, and length or we can say both direction and magnitude are required to define velocity.
The SI unit of velocity is m/s.
Difference between Velocity & Speed
Speed is a scalar quantity that expresses how fast an object is moving. Velocity is the vector quantity that expresses how fast an object is moving in a certain direction.
Speed is a quantitative measure of an object’s movement while velocity defines the direction of the moving object.
Speed defines the rate of change of distance while velocity describes the rate of change of displacement.
The speed of an object can never be negative or zero while the velocity of an object can be zero.
Average Velocity
Average velocity is a change in the position of a moving object divided by traveled time.
Average Velocity = Change in position or displacement / Change in time
V= ?x/?t
Initial and final Velocity
Initial velocity defines the speed that an object travels when gravity applies force on the object. While the final velocity defines the direction and speed of a moving object after the object has achieved the maximum acceleration.
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Process of calculating the final Velocity
Firstly, find out the original velocity. We can calculate the original velocity by dividing the distance by the time taken.
V = d/t
Secondly, Find out the acceleration of an object by dividing the mass of an object by the force applied. Then multiply the result by the time taken to accelerate.
Finally, Add both quantities to find the final velocity. For example, the initial velocity derived from the first step is 2 m/s, and the acceleration derived is 3 m/s. The final velocity will be 5 m/s.
Constant Velocity
The constant velocity is described as a motion of an object at a constant speed in a constant direction. We can also define constant velocity as a movement of an object in a straight line at a constant speed.
Let’s understand velocity with an example:
Suppose the distance of your office from home is 10 kilometers. It takes 15 minutes to reach your office. What is your velocity?
To make it easy, we consider your car to be moving in a straight line and 15 minutes are converted into hours. This means 15 minutes is equal to 0.25 hours.
Average velocity = ?x/?t
V = 10 km /.25 hours
Average velocity = 40 km/h
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